Letlapa mphahlele
Sabelo Phama
South African revolutionary
Sabelo Phama [born Sabelo Gqwetha] (31 March – 9 February ) was a political Activist, Military Commander of Azanian People's Liberation Army APLA and Secretary for Defense of the Pan African Congress PAC.
Early life
Sabelo Phama was born in the Eastern Cape, Mthatha, South Africa.
He was born in Baziya, a rural area on the outskirts of Mthatha.
Sabelo phama autobiography for kids free Azanian People's Liberation Army. After being Njengele meanin-e General. SC Toplines Document 6 pages. Red DustHe was the son of Cyril Thozama Gqwetha and Thembani (Nee Mlambo) greater part of his childhood he spent with his grandparents who were teachers by profession. Sabelo started his primary education at Baziya Mission School at the age of six in Sabelo was in contact with the PAC underground leaders at the ages of 12 and 13, and was putting pressure on the branch and cell leaders to go to Lesotho for the acquisition of the revolutionary theory.
According to the PAC's task force of the early s, the target date for the great offensive and liberation was emotionally and fanatically looked forward to by the "Africanist" youth.[citation needed]
He completed his primary and his secondary at Elliot and Cala, respectively. He was rejected and expelled, in and , at St John's College, in Umthatha.
He studied for his matriculation certificate at a newly formed Ngangelizwe high school In Umthatha. After completing his high school education, Sabelo went to work for a year and later to university.
Sabelo phama autobiography for kids pdf Under him, APLA became what it had Movement, and was also in the Continental never been, a united and fighting army; an army Steering Committee that was preparing for the In , aiLe: havins assumed more which the Azanian people could say was their 7th Pan. Retrieved 27 January Archived from the original on 13 January References [ edit ].In he worked and studied part-time at the University of Witwatersrand's, where his later uncle, Sipho Gqweta, was working in the department of Botany.[citation needed]
From to he studied for a Bachelor of Arts degree at the University of Fort Hare, Alice, where he helped organize PAC structures on campus. Sabelo Phama enjoyed studying philosophy, a course which others considered difficult.
He was an active member of the rugby executive that pioneered the establishment of the progressive South African Rugby Union in many parts of the country. He was expelled in September because of his participation in a student's strike.[citation needed]
Career
After his expulsion from Fort Hare, he worked as a clerk in the interior department in Umthatha.
While working, he enrolled into the University of South Africa to complete his senior degree program. After he paid for lectures and books he received a letter informing him that he was banned from studying in any university in SA for two years.
He was under constant security police surveillance. Within a year in , he resigned from the department of the interior and worked for TDC Wholesalers at Thembalethu. Sabelo was appointed as a PAC inter-regional coordinator. Sabelo had to travel more often to Transvaal, Natal and Botswana.[citation needed]
After the independence of Mozambique, a directive from the late T M Ntantala, Mothopeng and Maboza visited PAC underground structures, saying that cadres were required externally for various training programmers and duties.
Sabelo was among the first group that left for Tanzania in From June to August he went for a party and army building course in China. Because of his interest in military activities rather than diplomatic work, he later led a platoon of cadres to China for military training.
Sabelo phama autobiography for kids He was survived by his parents, his wife Dudu and two sons. He was rejected and expelled, in and , at St John's College, in Umthatha. South African revolutionary. No Vote!His basic infantry training was in Tanzania and later China. In he later came to South Africa with a late Azanian people's liberation army commander, Eddie Phiri (Lancelot Dube), with 25 APLA cadres; he was in a platoon of mainly commissars and intelligent units. Their mission was to prepare for an underground structure for the absorption of externally trained cadres and gradual integration of PAC's liberation struggle.
This was termed "Operation Curtain Raiser"[citation needed]
When the late Chairman, John Nyathi Pokela took over as leader of the PAC, He instructed many comrades to strengthen the external headquarters, Sabelo Phama was among them.
He became one of APLA leaders and later, in December , he (Sabelo) was appointed as Secretary for Defence, as well as the commander of APLA. As commander of APLA and Secretary for Defence, he visited many countries for his orientation and upgrading, including Yugoslavia, China, Libya and Uganda.[citation needed]
Under Sabelo Phama APLA's campaign gain momentum and captured the imaginations of popular media.
intermittent reports and analysis began to appear in prominent pages and editorials. APLA was engaged in skirmishes with SADF along the borders and in the townships.
Autobiography for kids to read Meiji Restoration Document 2 pages. Phama died in 9 February , in a c in a mysterious car crash in the West Dar es Salaam in Tanzania on enroute to Zimbabwe , on his way back to South Africa. In APLA launched Operation Great Storm, [ 15 ] a violent paramilitary campaign aimed at displacing white farmers to reclaim land for black Africans and obtaining arms and funding. United States.APLA continued to engage in exchange of fire with the police and the army which included conflicts in Lichtenburg, Port Elizabeth, East London, Pietermaritzburg, Bloemfontein and other areas.[citation needed]
attacks on civilian targets
In , as APLA's chief commander, Phama declared that he "would aim his guns at children "to hurt whites where it hurts most".[1] Phama proclaimed as "The Year of the Great Storm" and sanctioned the attacks on civilians, including:
In total thirty-two applications were received for attacks on civilians.
In these incidents, 24 people were killed and seriously injured.[4]
The Truth and Reconciliation Commission has presently charged that PAC-sanctioned action directed towards white South Africans were "gross violations of human rights for which the PAC and APLA leadership are held to be morally and politically responsible and accountable".[5]
Death
On 9 February , Phama died in a car crash in Morogoro, approximately kilometres west of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania, while en route to South Africa via Zimbabwe.[6][7] The car in which he had been travelling reportedly rammed a stationary truck, instantly killing Phama.[8] His funeral was held in his home Baziya.
He was survived by his parents, his wife Dudu, and two sons.