Anogiri biography of albert einstein
Albert Einstein Biography
Born: March 14,
Ulm, Germany
Died: April 18,
Princeton, Massachusetts
German-born American physicist and scientist
The German-born American physicist (one who studies matter and energy and the relationships between them) Albert Einstein revolutionized the science of physics.
He is best known for his theory of relativity, which holds that measurements of space and time vary according to conditions such as the state of motion of the observer.
Early years and education
Albert Einstein was born on March 14, , in Ulm, Germany, but he grew up and obtained his early education in Munich, Germany. He was a poor student, and some of his teachers thought he might be retarded (mentally handicapped); he was unable to speak fluently (with ease and grace) at age nine.
Anogiri biography of albert einstein scientist Einstein was very particular about his sleep schedule, claiming he needed 10 hours of sleep per day to function well. In , Einstein published four papers outlining his theory of general relativity, which updated Isaac Newton's laws of gravity by explaining that the force of gravity arose because massive objects warp the fabric of space-time. He was still required to complete his pre-university education first and thus attended a high school in Aarau, Switzerland, helmed by Jost Winteler. During this era, other researchers were creating a revolution by reformulating the rules of the smallest known entities in existence.Still, he was fascinated by the laws of nature, experiencing a deep feeling of wonder when puzzling over the invisible, yet real, force directing the needle of a compass. He began playing the violin at age six and would continue to play throughout his life. At age twelve he discovered geometry (the study of points, lines, and surfaces) and was taken by its clear and certain proofs.
Einstein mastered calculus (a form of higher mathematics used to solve problems in physics and engineering) by age sixteen.
Einstein&#x;s formal secondary education ended at age sixteen. He disliked school, and just as he was planning to find a way to leave without hurting his chances for entering the university, his teacher expelled him because his bad attitude was affecting his classmates.
Einstein tried to enter the Federal Institute of Technology (FIT) in Zurich, Switzerland, but his knowledge of subjects other than mathematics was not up to par, and he failed the entrance examination.
On the advice of the principal, he first obtained his diploma at the Cantonal School in Aarau, Switzerland, and in he was automatically admitted into the FIT. There he came to realize that he was more interested in and better suited for physics than mathematics.
Einstein passed his examination to graduate from the FIT in , but due to the opposition of one of his professors he was unable to go on to obtain the usual university assistantship.
In he was hired as an inspector in the patent office in Bern, Switzerland. Six months later he married Mileva Maric, a former classmate in Zurich. They had two sons.
It was in Bern, too, that Einstein, at twenty-six, completed the requirements for his doctoral degree and wrote the first of his revolutionary scientific papers.
Famous papers
Thermodynamics (the study of heat processes) made the deepest impression on Einstein. From until he reworked the foundations of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics (the study of forces and their effect on matter); this work formed the immediate background to his revolutionary papers of , one of which was on Brownian motion.
In Brownian motion, first observed in by the Scottish botanist (scientist who studies plants) Robert Brown (&#x;), small particles suspended in a liquid such as water undergo a rapid, irregular motion. Einstein, unaware of Brown&#x;s earlier observations, concluded from his studies that such a motion must exist. He was guided by the thought that if the liquid in which the particles are suspended is made up of atoms, they should collide with the particles and set them into motion.
He found that the motion of the particles will in time experience a forward movement.
Biography of albert einstein summary Public Comment: characters. Einstein also made significant contributions to the development of quantum mechanics, statistical physics, and cosmology. Einstein was very particular about his sleep schedule, claiming he needed 10 hours of sleep per day to function well. But a doctor performed an unauthorized craniotomy before this and removed and saved Einstein's brain.Einstein proved that this forward movement is directly related to the number of atoms per gram of atomic weight. Brownian motion is to this day considered one of the most direct proofs of the existence of atoms.
Another of Einstein&#x;s ideas in was that under certain conditions radiant energy
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.Einstein proved that the electrons are not ejected in a constant stream but like bullets from a gun, in units, or &#x;quanta.&#x; Although Einstein&#x;s famous equation for the photoelectric effect&#x;for which he won the Nobel Prize in physics in &#x;appears obvious today, it was an extremely bold prediction in Not until years later did R.
A. Millikan finally succeed in confirming it to everyone&#x;s everyone&#x;s satisfaction.
The theory of relativity came from Einstein&#x;s search for a general law of nature that would explain a problem that had occurred to him when he was sixteen: if one runs at, say, 4 4 miles per hour ( kilometers per hour) alongside a train that is moving at 4 4 miles per hour, the train appears to be at rest; if, on the other hand, it were possible to run alongside a ray of light, neither experiment nor theory suggests that the ray of light would appear to be at rest.
Einstein realized that no matter what speed the observer is moving at, he must always observe the same velocity of light, which is roughly , miles per second (, kilometers per second). He also saw that this was in agreement with a second assumption: if an observer at rest and an observer moving at constant speed carry out the same kind of experiment, they must get the same result.
These two assumptions make up Einstein&#x;s special theory of relativity. Also in Einstein proved that his theory predicted that energy (E) and mass (m) are entirely related according to his famous equation, E=mc 2 . This means that the energy in any particle is equal to the particle&#x;s mass multiplied by the speed of light squared.
Academic career
These papers made Einstein famous, and universities soon began competing for his services. In , after serving as a lecturer at the University of Bern, Einstein was called as an associate professor to the University of Zurich.
Anogiri biography of albert einstein We aways thnkful to u. Einstein considered this theory the culmination of his life research. In the same year, , Einstein published his work "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies," in which he presented the special theory of relativity. Career in America On several occasions Einstein had visited the California Institute of Technology, and on his last trip to the United States he was offered a position in the newly established Institute for Advanced Studies in Princeton, Massachusetts.Two years later he was appointed a full professor at the German University in Prague, Czechoslovakia. Within another year-and-a-half Einstein became a full professor at the FIT. Finally, in the well-known scientists Max Planck (&#x;) and Walther Nernst (&#x;) traveled to Zurich to persuade Einstein to accept a lucrative (profitable) research professorship at the University of Berlin in Germany, as well as full membership in the Prussian Academy of Science.
He accepted their offer in , saying, &#x;The Germans are gambling on me as they would on a prize hen. I do not really know myself whether I shall ever really lay another egg.&#x; When he went to Berlin, his wife remained behind in Zurich with their two sons; they divorced, and Einstein married his cousin Elsa in
In Einstein was appointed to a lifelong honorary visiting professorship at the University of Leiden in Holland.
In and Einstein, accompanied by Chaim Weizmann (&#x;), the future president of the state of Israel, traveled all over the world to win support for the cause of Zionism (the establishing of an independent Jewish state).
Biography of thomas alva edison: Contact About Privacy. Our staff also works with freelance writers, researchers, and other contributors to produce the smart, compelling profiles and articles you see on our site. However, during World War II, he worked on Navy-based weapons systems and made big monetary donations to the military by auctioning off manuscripts worth millions. Six months later he married Mileva Maric, a former classmate in Zurich.
In Germany, where hatred of Jewish people was growing, the attacks on Einstein began. Philipp Lenard and Johannes Stark, both Nobel Prize&#x;winning physicists, began referring to Einstein&#x;s theory of relativity as &#x;Jewish physics.&#x; These kinds of attacks increased until Einstein resigned from the Prussian Academy of Science in
Career in America
On several occasions Einstein had visited the California Institute of Technology, and on his last trip to the United States he was offered a position in the newly established Institute for Advanced Studies in Princeton, Massachusetts.
He went there in
Einstein played a key role () in the construction of the atomic bomb by signing a famous letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt (&#x;). It said that the Germans had made scientific advances and that it was possible that Adolf Hitler (&#x;, the German leader whose actions led to World War II [&#x;45]), might become the first to have atomic weapons.
This led to an all-out U.S. effort to construct such a bomb. Einstein was deeply shocked and saddened when his famous equation E=mc 2 was finally demonstrated in the most awesome and terrifying way by using the bomb to destroy Hiroshima, Japan, in For a long time he could only utter &#x;Horrible, horrible.&#x;
It would be difficult to find a more suitable epitaph (a brief statement summing up a person&#x;s person&#x;s life) than the words Einstein himself used in describing his life: &#x;God &#x;gave me the stubbornness of a mule and nothing else; really &#x;He also gave me a keen scent.&#x; On April 18, , Einstein died in Princeton.
For More Information
Cwiklik, Robert. Albert Einstein and the Theory of Relativity. New York: Barron&#x;s Educational Series,
Goldberg, Jake. Albert Einstein. New York: Franklin Watts,
Goldenstern, Joyce.
Anogiri biography of albert einstein for kids However, he felt isolated in his endeavors since the majority of his colleagues had begun focusing their attention on quantum theory. A few years later, he gained his diploma and acquired Swiss citizenship but was unable to find a teaching post. Einstein's formal secondary education ended at age sixteen. New York: Aladdin,Albert Einstein: Physicist and Genius. Springfield, NJ: Enslow Publishers,
Hammontree, Marie. Albert Einstein: Young Thinker. New York: Aladdin,
Ireland, Karin. Albert Einstein. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Silver Burdett Press,
McPherson, Stephanie Sammartino. Ordinary Genius: The Story of Albert Einstein.
Minneapolis: Carolrhoda Books,