Zoltan kodaly biography for kids

Zoltán Kodály facts for kids

For the town in India, see Kodaly, Thrissur.

The native form of this personal name is Kodály Zoltán.

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This article uses Western name order when mentioning individuals.

Quick facts for kids Zoltán Kodály
Kodály in the s
Born	()16 December Kecskemét, Kingdom of Hungary
Died	6 March () (aged 84) Budapest, Hungary
Education	Ferenc Liszt Academy of Music
Occupation	Composer Ethnomusicologist Music pedagogue
Known for	Kodály Method
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Zoltán Kodály (UK:, US:; Hungarian: Kodály Zoltán, pronounced [ˈkodaːj ˈzoltaːn]; 16 December – 6 March ) was a Hungarian composer, ethnomusicologist, music pedagogue, linguist, and philosopher.

He is well known internationally as the creator of the Kodály method of music education.

Life

Born in Kecskemét, Hungary, Kodály learned to play the violin as a child. In , he entered the Department of Languages at the University of Budapest and at the same time Hans von Kössler's composition class at the Royal Hungarian Academy of Music.

After completing his studies, he studied in Paris with Charles Widor for a year.

In he visited remote villages to collect songs, recording them on phonograph cylinders. In he wrote a thesis on Hungarian folk song, "Strophic Construction in Hungarian Folksong".

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At around this time Kodály met fellow composer and compatriot Béla Bartók, whom he took under his wing and introduced to some of the methods involved in folk song collecting. The two became lifelong friends and champions of each other's music.

Statue of Kodály at Szent István square in Pécs, Hungary

All these works show great originality of form and content, a very interesting blend of highly sophisticated mastery of the western European style of music, including classical, late-romantic, impressionistic and modernist traditions, and on the other hand a profound knowledge and respect for the folk music of Hungary (including the Hungarian-inhabited areas of modern-day Slovakia and Romania, as those territories were part of Hungary).

Partly because of the Great War and subsequent major geopolitical changes in the region, and partly because of a naturally rather diffident temperament in youth, Kodály had no major public success until This was the year when one of his best-known pieces, Psalmus Hungaricus, was given its first performance at a concert to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the union of Buda and Pest (Bartók's Dance Suite premiered on the same occasion.)

Kodály's first wife was Emma Gruber (née Schlesinger, later Sándor), the dedicatee of Ernő Dohnányi's Waltz for piano with four hands, Op.

3, and Variations and Fugue on a theme by E.G., Op. 4 (). In November , after 48 years of marriage, Kodály's first wife Emma died.

Carl orff biography Jean-Baptiste Lully lived and composed in France. Cite this article:. He devoted himself to training future musicians at the Academy and improving the overall music education of Hungarian children. Get Free Access for 10 Days!

In December , Kodály married Sarolta Péczely [hu], his year-old student at the Franz Liszt Academy of Music with whom he lived happily until his death in at the age of 84 in Budapest.

In , Kodály toured the United States and gave a special lecture at Stanford University, where some of his music was performed in his presence.

Kodály methodology of musical education

Main article: Kodály method

Throughout his adult life, Kodály was very interested in the problems of many types of music education, and he wrote a large amount of material on teaching methods as well as composing plenty of music intended for children's use.

Beginning in , along with his colleague Jenő Ádám (14 years his junior), he embarked on a long-term project to reform music teaching in Hungary's lower and middle schools. His work resulted in the publication of several highly influential books.

The goals of the Kodály method can summarized into the following points:

Music is for everyone.
Music teaching should be sequential and begin with the child in mind.
Kids should be taught music from an early age.
The sequence should be logical and follow the same process children learn language.
Music classes should be enjoyable engaging.
Singing is the first and most valuable tool for learning musical concepts.
Teachers should pull from quality folk song materials in the "mother tongue" of the students.

The Hungarian music education program that developed in the s became the basis for the Kodály Method.

Although Kodály himself did not write down a comprehensive method, he did establish a set of principles to follow in music education, and these principles were widely taken up by pedagogues (above all in Hungary, but also in many other countries) after World War II. His practices also have evolved Kodály hand signs.

In the motion picture Close Encounters of the Third Kind, a visual learning aid distributed to members of a conference of ufologists was named the Kodály Method and referenced musical notes as hand signals.

Legacy and memorials

Commemorative plaque in Andrássy Avenue, Budapest

The city of Pécs commissioned a full-length bronze statue, located in Szent István square, in his honour in According to the wishes of the sculptor, the work stands with its back to the Cathedral and facing a former playground, so that it was facing children, whose musical education was the most important thing in Kodály's life.

He is depicted as a fragile old man, who walks almost imperceptibly among the horse-chestnut trees.

At one point during the Hungarian Revolution of , the Workers Councils proposed to form a government with Kodály as president "because of his great national and international reputation."

Selected works

See also (related category): Compositions by Zoltán Kodály

Stage works

Háry János, Op.

15 ()
Székelyfonó (The Spinning Room) (–)

Orchestral

Idyll Summer Evening (, revised )
Háry János Suite ()
Dances of Marosszék (; orchestration of the piano set)
Theatre Overture () (originally intended for Háry János)
Dances of Galánta ()
Variations on a Hungarian folk song (Fölszállott a páva, or The Peacock Roared, )
Concerto for Orchestra ()
Symphony in memoriam Toscanini ()

Chamber or instrumental

Adagio for Violin (or Viola or Cello) and Piano ()
Intermezzo for String Trio ()
Seven Pieces for Piano, Op.

11 ()
String Quartet No. 1 in C minor, Op. 2 ()
Cello Sonata, Op. 4 ()
Duo for Violin and Cello, Op. 7 ()
Sonata for Solo Cello, Op. 8 ()
String Quartet No. 2, Op. 10 (–)
Szerenád (Serenade) for 2 Violins and Viola, Op. 12 ()
Marosszéki táncok (Dances of Marosszék, piano, )
Organ Prelude Pange lingua ()
Organoeida ad missam lectam (Csendes mise, organ, )
Epigrammak ()

Choral

Este (Evening) ()
Psalmus Hungaricus, Op.

13 ()
Mátrai képek (Mátra Pictures) for choir a cappella ()
Jézus és a kufárok (Jesus and the Traders) for choir a cap ()
Ének Szent István királyhoz (Hymn to St Stephen) ()
Te Deum for Buda Castle ()
Te Deum of Sándor Sík for choir a cappella ()
Missa brevis for choir and Organ (, orchestrated )
Laudes organi for choir and Organ ()
Adventi ének (Veni, veni, Emmanuel) for choir a cappella

Organ

Introitus - Kyrie
Gloria
Credo
Sanctus
Benedictus
Agnus Dei
Ite missa est
Genfi zsoltár
Pangue lingua
Laudes Organi